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Kashmir has long been a region of immense political, economic, and strategic significance. Its place in South Asian geopolitics stems from its location, natural resources, and historical disputes involving India, Pakistan, and China.

And isn't India coming up a lot in the news these days? 

Are we seeing something start to form today as tensions are at a flashpoint? Something that has been on the boil for decades?  What external forces will come into play? It is one of those hmmmm... moments in history.  

As 2024 draws to a close, there has been significant tension and military action between Afghanistan and Pakistan. 
 
And it got me thinking about Kashmir, located as it is in such a strategically important place.  But let's start with what we know so far... 
 
Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan's Paktika province reportedly killed at least 46 people, predominantly civilians. This incident was followed by Afghanistan's foreign office summoning Pakistan's head of mission in Kabul to protest the bombing and warn of consequences. 
 
Posts on X (formerly Twitter) have suggested that both countries have declared war on each other. Specifically, there were mentions of the Taliban government in Afghanistan officially declaring war on Pakistan after these airstrikes, with claims of large troop movements by the Taliban. 
 
So why am I talking about Kashmir? Well, its location at the crossroads of India, Pakistan, and China makes it a focal point of regional security and, believe it or not, worth an article here today.
 
 
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Since 1947, Kashmir has been claimed in full by both India and Pakistan, resulting in three wars.
 
  • Following Partition in 1947, the state of Jammu and Kashmir faced the decision to join either India or Pakistan. The Hindu ruler, Maharaja Hari Singh, initially chose to remain independent. However, tribal militias from Pakistan invaded the region, prompting the Maharaja to seek military assistance from India. In exchange, he signed the Instrument of Accession, aligning Jammu and Kashmir with India.
  • Indian and Pakistani forces clashed over control of the region. The United Nations intervened, leading to a ceasefire in 1948.
  • The Line of Control (LoC) was established, dividing Kashmir into territories administered by India and Pakistan. The issue was left unresolved, with both nations claiming the region in full.

2. The Second Kashmir War (1965)

    • Pakistan sought to exploit perceived discontent among Kashmir's Muslim population. It launched Operation Gibraltar, infiltrating forces into Indian-administered Kashmir to incite rebellion.
    • The operation failed as locals did not rally to the cause, and India launched a counteroffensive. The conflict escalated into a full-scale war, with battles fought in Kashmir and other regions.
    • The war ended with the Tashkent Agreement, brokered by the Soviet Union and the United States. Both sides returned to pre-war positions along the LoC, but the underlying dispute remained unresolved.

3. The Kargil War (1999)

  • Following the signing of the Lahore Declaration in early 1999, which aimed to improve India-Pakistan relations, Pakistan's military launched a covert operation to infiltrate Indian territory in the Kargil sector.
  • Pakistani forces, disguised as militants, occupied strategic heights in Indian-administered Kashmir. India launched a counteroffensive to reclaim the positions.
  • The war ended with India regaining its territory, aided by international diplomatic pressure on Pakistan. The conflict highlighted the volatility of the region and the continuing threat of escalation.
 
The Line of Control (LoC) divides the Indian-administered and Pakistan-administered areas. China controls the Aksai Chin region and holds a portion of Kashmir ceded by Pakistan. 
Kashmir political map 580228476
For Pakistan, it represents the "unfinished business of Partition."  Kashmir is a hotspot for buggering things up and terrorism, destabilising the region and drawing international attention. 
 
Kashmir’s rivers, such as the Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab, are vital for irrigation and hydroelectric power in both India and Pakistan. The region also has rich forest cover and mineral deposits. Known as "Paradise on Earth," Kashmir’s natural beauty has historically attracted tourists, contributing a significant boost to the local economy. Kashmir’s topography offers immense potential for hydroelectric projects, crucial for energy security in the region.
 
 
India Pakistan map 706581060
 
 
 
The strained ties between Afghanistan and Pakistan over issues like the Durand Line could indirectly affect Kashmir, especially if Afghanistan aligns its stance with India or uses the issue as a bargaining tool. 
 
Militant groups operating in Kashmir sometimes have overlapping interests with those in Afghanistan. A war between Afghanistan and Pakistan could disrupt or intensify these networks. 
 
A conflict with Afghanistan could force Pakistan to divide its military focus between its western border and the LoC in Kashmir. This could weaken its position in both areas. 
durlinart
 
India could capitalise on Pakistan’s divided attention to strengthen its hold in Kashmir. 
 
China, as a key ally of Pakistan, may intervene diplomatically or militarily to safeguard its investments, including the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which passes near Pakistan-administered Kashmir. 
 
The U.S. and NATO might seek to mediate the conflict to ensure regional stability while keeping a close watch on developments in Kashmir.
02 cpec 157481024
 
Water resources originating in Kashmir, such as the Indus and Jhelum rivers, are vital for Pakistan’s agriculture and energy needs. A conflict with Afghanistan could heighten Pakistan’s reliance on these resources, increasing tensions with India.

Kashmir’s significance extends beyond its borders, influencing regional and global politics. While Afghanistan may not have direct strategic interests in Kashmir, any escalation of tensions with Pakistan could make things very, very interesting. 

Should this conflict accelerate, I have to wonder if this could be a flashpoint that might see 2025 become a very murky sea of political turmoil. 

India Pakistan map 706581060

The growing interest in India and the tolerance - dare I say favouritism being expressed where India is concerned, seems somehow rather, well, as my alter ego Shaydee would say, spooky. Could there be more going on behind the scenes? 

As India becomes an increasing global superpower, invested in the Space Race and boasting the 4th largest military force in the world, I must ask myself the question: Why India? Why now?  It was only 5 years ago that Prime Minister Modi of India greeted President Trump with great enthusiasm. 

India and Pakistan have been playing silly buggers over Kashmir since 1949. Kashmir is the geographical and political lifeline of Pakistan, flow of trade to China and water to Pakistan.

india indus water treaty pakistan hydropower projects irrigation jammu and kashmir 1543150740 725x725 1

Without the military might of China, Pakistan would be easily overcome by the Indian military. An economic victory might be a better solution to a nuclear one and be more palatable to the global community.

When former cricketer Imran Khan became Leader of Pakistan, he led his nation to bankruptcy due to the massive indebtedness to China.  

Like the so many of the small Pacific Nations, Pakistan owes its soul to the company store, as the old song goes, and China stands like the drug dealer waving a cheque book full of drugs to desperately addicted Nations.  Money is their drug. 

India, which has such the 5th largest reserves of coal in the world wants to import Australian coal. The issue is that many of their reserves are under land that is built on and secondly, that it would cost a fortune to install the infrastructure such as rail to transport the coal from the mines to where it is needed. It is simply cheaper to import.

india indus water treaty pakistan hydropower projects irrigation jammu and kashmir 1543150740 725x725 1

China has a slightly higher population than India - both Nations coming in at around 1.3 billion people. Surely a relationship with India would be better for Australia than that we currently have with China? We are both Commonwealth Nations, both speak English and both are Democracies.

In terms of Military might, one should not forget that India has the 4th most powerful military in the world, coming in under USA, Russia and China.

An alliance between India and USA would be highly advantageous on so many levels – trade, militarily and geographically. In fact, India could replace China in terms of importation of manufactured goods to America… and to Australia.

Meanwhile, in waters closer to Australia, China has been flexing its muscles in the South China Sea and busily building “ atolls”  – and claiming ownership of them.  On September 2nd of 2019, the first ASEAN-US Maritime Exercise (AUMX) between the regional bloc and America lasted for five days. The hotly disputed area around the Spratly Islands challenged the central area which is International Waters and open for the passage of ships to and from the area. With China building airfields, troop accommodation, ports and other infrastructure on these man made atolls, they are claiming ownership of this area – which also has VAST oil and natural gas reserves. 

Since then, things have changed dramatically. China now has control of the Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea and Tonga. And others. 

So this brings me back to Australia. A country that is in the middle of a region that is being bought by China and it is in itself in danger of passing the point of no return when it comes to that drug dealers metaphoric cheque book.

With our Universities catering to the needs of Chinese students; our reliance on Chinese trade; our leasing and sale of our agricultural land and strategic infrastructure to China is alarming. Now? We are prioritorising Indian students.  Tell me that is not a coincidence ..... and that something is not going on. 

Australia is the Pacific ally that Trump wants to keep on side. But if AUSTRALIA FALLS. THE PACIFIC FALLS.

Is it possible that India and America, Australia hatched something half a decade ago? 

And maybe, just maybe, we all have no idea what is really happening behind the scenes. And it could all do with a place thousands of miles away that suggests that India will support us if we support them and take back control of Kashmir. A corridor, like the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal. The Land Bridge to counteract the Belt and Road of China. 

But that may have to be another article..... 

Of course I could be completely wrong. But as Shaydee would say, how spooky is that? 

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